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Four Types

Explanations > Preferences > Four Types

History | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 | Type 4 | So what?

History

Since the days of the Greek civilization, philosophers and scholars have been classifying people into four categories which, perhaps unsurprisingly, have remarkable similarities.

System	Date	Type 1	Type 2	Type 3	Type 4
Empedocles	~450BC	Fire	Air	Water	Earth
Plato	~420BC	Guardian	Artisan	Philosopher	Scientist
Hippocrates	~400BC	Yellow bile	Blood	Phlegm	Black bile
Galen	~150AD	Choleric	Sanguine	Phlegmatic	Melancholy
...	...	...	...	...	...
DISC	1920s	Dominant	Influential	Steady	Cautious
Kretschner	1920s	Melancholic	Hypomanic	Anasthetic	Hyperasthetic
Sprangler	1930s	Religious	Aesthetic	Theoretic	Economic
Jungian	1940s	NF	SP	NT	SJ
Enneagram	1950s	Adventurer Achiever	Helper Romantic	Peacemaker Observer	Asserter Perfectionist
Kiersey	1960s	Idealist	Artisan	Rational	Guardian
Drucker	1970s	Action man	Front man	People man	Thought man
Social Styles	1980s	Driver	Expressive	Amiable	Analytical
LIFO	1990s	Controlling-taking	Adapting-dealing	Supporting-giving	Conserving-holding
DESA	1990s	Driver	Expressive	Solid	Analytical
Handy	1990s	Apollo	Dionysus	Athena	Zeus

Type 1

Achieves sense of control through direct action that aligns things to create harmony and reduce dissonance. Looks out to the future to seek necessary actions.

Achieves sense of identity through inspiring others to align with their beliefs.

Critical values include alignment, harmony, perfection.

Type 2

Achieves sense of control through exploration and problem-solving.

Achieves sense of identity through independence and standing out.

Critical values include freedom, innovation, risk-taking.

Type 3

Achieves sense of control through analysis and understanding.

Achieves sense of identity through designing and creating.

Critical values include rationality and originality.

Type 4

Achieves sense of control through making changes that affects others.

Achieves sense of identity through expression and inspiring others.

Critical values include harmony, vision.

So what?

Use the system in teams and groups to share information with one another and hence become more open.

See also

Jungian Type Inventory, DISC Types

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Principles

Explanations

* Behaviors
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Site Menu

| Home | Top | Quick Links | Settings |

Main sections: | Disciplines | Techniques | Principles | Explanations | Theories |

Other sections: | Blog! | Quotes | Guest articles | Analysis | Books | Help |

More pages: | Contact | Caveat | About | Students | Webmasters | Awards | Guestbook | Feedback | Sitemap | Changes |

Settings: | Computer layout | Mobile layout | Small font | Medium font | Large font | Translate |

Please help and share:

Quick links

Disciplines

* Argument
* Brand management
* Change Management
* Coaching
* Communication
* Counseling
* Game Design
* Human Resources
* Job-finding
* Leadership
* Marketing
* Politics
* Propaganda
* Rhetoric
* Negotiation
* Psychoanalysis
* Sales
* Sociology
* Storytelling
* Teaching
* Warfare
* Workplace design

Techniques

* Assertiveness
* Body language
* Change techniques
* Closing techniques
* Conversation
* Confidence tricks
* Conversion
* Creative techniques
* General techniques
* Happiness
* Hypnotism
* Interrogation
* Language
* Listening
* Negotiation tactics
* Objection handling
* Propaganda
* Problem-solving
* Public speaking
* Questioning
* Using repetition
* Resisting persuasion
* Self-development
* Sequential requests
* Storytelling
* Stress Management
* Tipping
* Using humor
* Willpower

Principles

Explanations

* Behaviors
* Beliefs
* Brain stuff
* Conditioning
* Coping Mechanisms
* Critical Theory
* Culture
* Decisions
* Emotions
* Evolution
* Gender
* Games
* Groups
* Habit
* Identity
* Learning
* Meaning
* Memory
* Motivation
* Models
* Needs
* Personality
* Power
* Preferences
* Research
* Relationships
* SIFT Model
* Social Research
* Stress
* Trust
* Values

Theories

* Alphabetic list
* Theory types

And

– About
– Guest Articles
– Blog!
– Books
– Changes
– Contact
– Guestbook
– Quotes
– Students
– Webmasters

| Home | Top | Menu | Quick Links |

© Changing Works 2002-
Massive Content — Maximum Speed