Expectancy Theory

Explanations > Theories > Expectancy Theory

Description | Example | So what? | See also | References 

Description

As we constantly are predicting likely futures, we create expectations about future events. If things seem reasonably likely and attractive, we know how to get there and we believe we can 'make the difference' then this will motivate us to act to make this future come true. 

Motivation is thus a combination of:

• Valence: The value of the perceived outcome (What's in it for me?)
• Instrumentality:  The belief that if I complete certain actions then I will achieve the outcome. (Clear path?) 
• Expectancy: The belief that I am able to complete the actions. (My capability?)

Of course you can have an unpleasant outcome, in which case the motivation is now one of avoidance.    

Expectancy Theory is also called Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy Theory or VIE Theory.

So what?

Motivate people to do something by showing them something desirable, indicating how straightforward it is to get it, and then supporting their self-belief that they can get there.

See also

Cognitive Evalution Theory, Motivation, Equity Theory

http://home.earthlink.net/~rdmadden/webdocs/Expectations_Values_Gr.html

http://www.cba.uri.edu/Scholl/Notes/Motivation_Expectancy.html

References

Vroom (1964)