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Time studies
Explanations > Social Research > Design > Time studies
There are two types of study which take time into account.
Longitudinal study
A longitudinal study takes place over a period of time, repeatedly examining the same population or situation to determine how it changes over time.
Repeated measures
A repeated measures study typically makes relatively few sets of measurement. This may give reason for a relatively complex or expensive measurement that would be more problematic if repeated more often.
Repeated measures may be analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA.
Time series
A time series study makes many measures over time, possibly in separate surveys. Due to the overall quantity of measurement it is usually easier to keep measures simple in a time series, otherwise it can become difficult to undertake.
A trend study selects different samples over time and seeks differences to identify overall population shifts.
A panel study selects a single group and gets them to comment about something at different points in time, often done as a discussion.
A cohort study selects different samples from the same age group and studies their maturation over time.
An approximate longitudinal study compares people of different ages at a single point in time, for example understanding generational differences.
Cross-sectional study
A cross-sectional study takes place at a single point in time, typically sampling a population. The study may be complex, time-bound or both.
If this study proves interesting, it may be done again later, extending it into a repeated-measures longitudinal study.
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