| Theorist |
Concept |
Note |
Sigmund
Freud, (1856-1939)
Founder of
Psychoanalysis. See also
Early and Late Freud. |
Ego, id superego |
Subconscious id, superego as conscience |
| Psychosexual Stage Theory |
Anal onwards |
|
Identification |
Associate with others. |
|
Internalization |
Adopting objects into body |
|
Incorporation |
Primitive ingestion into body |
|
Life and death drives |
Eros and Thanatos |
| Narcissism |
Self-love; primary and secondary |
|
Oedipus Complex |
Transition away from mother; realizing gender |
|
Defense Mechanisms |
Ego protection |
| Ferdinand de Saussure,
(1857-1913) French linguist |
Difference |
Meaning through word difference |
| Semiotics |
Study of signs |
| Signifier and Signified |
Two parts of signification |
| Langue and Parole |
System of language and Utterance |
| Synchrony and Diachrony |
Language as system of signs and Changing meaning over time |
| Syntagm and Paradigm |
signs operating together; replaceable signs |
|
Max Weber (1864 –
1920), left-wing liberal German political economist and
sociology |
Religion and capitalism |
'Protestant work ethic': work hard but don't spend on self
or church = grow business |
| Noncapitalism |
Confucianism/Taoism don't support capitalism |
| State |
Social class, status, party. |
|
Marcel Mauss (1872
- 1950), French
Sociologist and Anthropologist |
Gifts |
Cultural gift-exchange ritual; object contains identity of
giver |
| Body techniques |
Gender, class, cultural patterns; eating, washing,
sitting, swimming, etc. |
|
Melanie
Klein, (1882-1960) Post-Freudian analyst of British School
Studied children and aggression; built
Object Relations Theory |
Object Relations Theory |
Relationships of
objects. |
|
Good object, bad object |
Objects that meet needs or not |
|
Splitting |
Separating good and bad objects |
|
Phantasy vs. fantasy |
Subconscious fantasy |
|
Projection and Introjection |
In/out movement of objects |
|
Counter-transference |
Effect of transference on subject; affection of therapist |
|
Introjective identification |
From others and holding close; Effect of love |
|
Projective identification |
Into others and then holding close |
|
The paranoid-schizoid position |
paranoid fear of annihilation by the bad object; splitting off |
| The depressive position |
realizing good and bad objects are same person; fear of rejection,
guilt |
| Play |
in learning and study; play therapy |
|
Donald Winnicott,
(1896-1971) British pediatrician and therapist |
True self, false self |
selves of integrity and adaptation |
|
The good-enough mother |
adapts to needs; helps gradual transition |
|
Development stages |
Undifferentiated unity, Transition, Relative independence |
|
The Transition Object |
Carer substitute and not-me object |
|
Wilfred Bion,
(1897-1979) British psychoanalyst |
Work Group |
Focus on primary task |
| The Basic Assumption Group |
Go into dependency, pairing, fight/flight |
|
Norbert Elias (1897
- 1990), German-Polish-Jewish-British
sociologist |
Habitus |
Habits and structures created by social structures, esp.
European etiquette |
| Figuration |
Dynamic, shifting set of connections between people |
|
Jaques
Lacan, (1901-1981). French psychoanalyst |
The neonatal phase |
Early wholeness |
|
The Mirror phase |
Misrecognition of image; narcissism; self-loathing |
|
The Symbolic Register |
Father, language, culture |
| Jouissance |
Early pleasure too much to bear |
|
Three registers of human reality |
Real, Imaginary, Symbolic |
| Desire |
Borne out of lack |
| Emile Benveniste, 1902-1976, French
linguist |
Pronoun 'shifters' |
'I' changes with context. 'I' am spoken by language. |
|
Barthes, Roland,
1915-1980
French
structuralist, linguist
and philosopher.
Known for Mythologies. |
Death of
the author |
Reading as interpretation, not deciphering. |
| Denotation |
Basic meaning of word. |
| Connotation |
Extended meaning of word. |
|
Althusser, Louis,
1918-1990 Algerian-French
structuralist Marxist philosopher.
Individual is subject of ideological misrecognition.
|
Ideology |
A controlling set of ideas. |
|
Interpellation |
We are 'hailed' into
subject positions. |
| Ideological State Apparatus |
Thought control by idea control (vs. Repressive SA). |
| Foucault, Michel, (1926 –
1984). Radical
postmodernism, post-structuralism
French philosopher |
Institutions |
Genealogy (evolution). Systems of control. |
| Identity |
Self defined by continuing discourse. |
| Technologies of the self |
Self-discovery, self-exploration, self-control, self-disclosure |
| Discourse |
Things created through talk, which is shaped by culture |
| Derrida, Jaques, (1930–2004). Jewish,
Algerian-born French critic and philosopher. Known for
deconstructism,
post-structuralism and
postmodernism |
Différance |
Unstable meaning in opposites. |
| Trace |
Saying black hints at white. |
|
Pierre Bourdieu, (1930 - 2002), French sociologist, philosopher and
anthropologist. |
Symbolic capital |
Position power; enables symbolic violence. |
| Life histories |
Reconstructed experience of unified self. |
| Field |
social arena where people compete for resources (vs.
Marx's 'class'). |
| Habitus |
Extending Elias. Includes objective and subjective. |
|
Julia Kristeva,
1941- Bulgarian philosopher, psychoanalyst and feminist |
The Chora |
Early pre-linguistic unity |
| Abjection |
Deep horror; fear |
| Butler, Judith, (1956-)
American Post-structuralist
feminist philosopher
Uses Foucault (discursives) and Austin (speech
act) |
Gendering |
Gender is socially created and in performance. |
| Queer theory |
Sexuality as being socially constructed |
| Performativity |
Utterances that create the action. Bias that creates what
it says. |
| |
|
|
